An introduction to symbolic logic with an emphasis on constructing proofs of deductive arguments using a system of Natural Deduction for statement and predicate logic. Includes probabilistic reasoning and applications of Bayes’ Theorem to various kinds of arguments. English statements and arguments will be translated into a formal language for the precise analysis of logical properties (such as equivalence, implication, consistency, tautology, contradiction, and validity) using such methods as truth tables, Venn diagrams, and inference rules. Conversely, formalized statements and arguments will be rendered in English prose. Logic and probability formalism will be integrated with prose in composing argumentative essays.